The maritime industry faces the challenge of managing liquid cargo waste in bulk, particularly concerning hydrocarbons and chemical substances. This responsibility is governed by international regulations outlined in the MARPOL Annex I and Annex II.

In the context of hydrocarbon cargo waste, MARPOL Annex I is the guiding framework, which has undergone multiple amendments since its inception on October 2nd, 1983. The annex classifies hydrocarbon residues into two types: Type A, consisting of oily tank washing residues from crude oil and ballast water polluted with crude oil, and Type B, comprising residues from hydrocarbons and ballast water polluted with petroleum products other than crude oil, with a density lower or equal to 1. Strict regulations and definitions within this annex ensure the proper handling and disposal of these residues.

Turning to chemical cargo waste, MARPOL Annex II sets forth detailed criteria and measures for controlling pollution by noxious liquid substances carried in bulk. The categorization system includes Category X, Y, and Z, each defining the level of hazard these substances pose to marine resources, human health, and amenities. Moreover, substances falling outside these categories are deemed harmless and not subject to MARPOL Annex II requirements.

For ships constructed on or after January 1, 2007, specific discharge limits for residue levels have been established, aiming to minimize environmental impact. However, a critical restriction is that no discharge of residues containing noxious substances is permitted within 12 miles of the nearest land, emphasizing the need for responsible waste management practices to safeguard marine environments and human health.

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